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Gross national income at market prices in the (European Union ) of 27 Member States (GNI) amounted to EUR 25000 per inhabitant in 2008. In 2009 GNI in EU-27 fell by -5.5% over the year 2008. In 2007, the highest per capita GNI measured in ( purchasing power standards (PPS) ) was recorded for Luxembourg (more than twice of the EU-27 average) and the lowest was recorded for Bulgaria (less than half of the EU-27 average). Estonia, Ireland, Latvia and Lithuania were the Member States that in 2009 suffered the most from the recession experiencing declines of more than 10% in GNI (measured in PPS) over 2008.〔Data extracted from (Eurostat's database ) -> Data Navigation Tree -> Database -> Economy and Finance -> National Accounts (including GDP) (na) -> Annual national accounts (nama) -> Income, saving and net lending / net borrowing (nama_inc) on 8 February 2010〕 Bookmark to data extraction: *(GNI and GDP in EU-27 and its Member States, 2005-2009, in Euro and in PPS ) ==Definition of GNI== (GNI ) shall be defined in accordance with the European system of national and regional accounts ((ESA95 )). GNI represents total (primary income ) receivable by (resident institutional units ): (compensation of employees ), (taxes on production and imports ) less (subsidies ), (property income ) (interest, dividends and reinvested earnings from (foreign direct investment ) receivable less payable), (gross operating surplus ) and gross mixed income.〔(Council Regulation (EC, Euratom) 1287/2003 of 15 July 2003 on the harmonisation of gross national income at market prices ), Article 1(3)〕 It corresponds to the better known gross domestic product ((GDP )) minus primary income payable by (resident units ) to non-resident units, plus primary income receivable by resident units from the rest of the world.〔F. Lequiller, D. Blades: Understanding National Accounts, Paris: OECD 2006, p. 411〕 Technically speaking, the GNI is a balancing item of the (allocation of primary income account ) in the sequence of accounts for the total economy.〔Eurostat: (European system of accounts (ESA 1995) ), Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1996, p. 306〕 Loosely speaking, it is the sum of domestic and foreign income earned by the resident population of a country. It is worth noting that GNI is income from productive activities excluding any capital gains and losses (also known as "holding gains and losses") resulting from price changes of fixed or financial (assets ) (for example: price changes on the stock market have no direct impact on GNI). Net national income differs from gross national income by the amount of (consumption of fixed capital ) deducted. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Gross national income in the European Union」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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